Diphtheria: NCDC Monitoring Bacterial Infection, Cases Confirmed In Lagos, Kano, Others

Nigerians have been alerted to the spread of Diphtheria as the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has disclosed that it has responded to reported cases in Lagos and Kano States and is monitoring Osun and Yobe States where cases are now being confirmed.

Diphtheria is caused by a bacterium called Corynebacterium species and it affects the nose, throat, and sometimes, the skin of the person.

Speaking via a public health advisory signed by its Director General, Dr Ifedayo Adetifa, issued on Friday, NCDC revealed that in addition to clinically suspected cases, there have been laboratory-confirmed cases.

The body added that it is working with state ministries of health and partners to enhance surveillance and response to the outbreak.

“People most at risk of contracting diphtheria: Children and adults who have not received any or a single dose of the pentavalent vaccine (a diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine); people who live in a crowded environment, people who live in areas with poor sanitation and healthcare workers and others who are exposed to suspected/confirmed cases of diphtheria.

“Diphtheria spreads easily between people through direct contact with infected people, droplets from coughing or sneezing, and contact with contaminated clothing and objects.

“The onset of signs and symptoms usually starts after two to 10 days of exposure to the bacteria. Symptoms of diphtheria include fever, runny nose, sore throat, cough, red eyes (conjunctivitis), and neck swelling.

“In severe cases, a thick grey or white patch appears on the tonsils and/or at the back of the throat associated with difficulty breathing”, the advisory reads.

NCDC further stated that the Nigeria childhood immunisation schedule recommends three doses of pentavalent vaccine for children in the sixth to  10th and 14th weeks of life.

It advised healthcare workers to maintain a high index of suspicion for diphtheria and individuals with signs and symptoms suggestive of diphtheria to isolate themselves and notify the local government area, state disease surveillance officer, or the NCDC.

“Close contacts with a confirmed case of diphtheria should be closely monitored given antibiotics prophylaxis and started on diphtheria antitoxin treatment when indicated.

“All healthcare workers (doctors, nurses, laboratory scientists, support staff, etc.) with higher exposure to cases of diphtheria should be vaccinated against Diphtheria", NCDC added.